01934nas a2200193 4500008004100000245009800041210006900139520135500208653001301563653001501576653000801591653000901599653002101608653001301629100001501642700001701657700001601674856005001690 2016 eng d00aResurrection and New Species of the Neotropical Genus Adelonema (Araceae: Philodendron Clade)0 aResurrection and New Species of the Neotropical Genus Adelonema 3 a

Abstract—Previous studies have shown Homalomena as traditionally defined to be polyphyletic, with Neotropical species phylogenetically distinct from Asian species. This study of 29 accessions of 10 Neotropical taxa, and a total of 135 accessions representing 92 taxa of Homalomena, Furtadoa, and Philodendron for nuclear ITS and plastid matK regions, supports resurrection of the genus Adelonema for Neotropical species currently assigned to Homalomena. Adelonema is here delimited as a Neotropical genus of 16 species divided into two new sections: sect. Adelonema and sect. Curmeria, based on morphologically supported molecular results. The genus Adelonema is distinguished by a hypogeal rhizome, crushed vegetative tissues smelling of anise, an extensively sheathing, sometimes prickly petiole, chartaceous often variegated leaf blades, a spadix either obliquely inserted on the spathe/peduncle (sect. Adelonema), or stipitate (sect. Curmeria), ovaries with 2–4-pluriovulate locules, and anatropous ovules on an axile placenta. Four new species are described: Adelonema orientalis, A. palidinervia, A. panamensis, and A. yanamonoensis. Eleven new combinations are made: Adelonema allenii, A. crinipes, A. hammelii, A. kvistii, A. moffleriana, A. peltata, A. picturata, A. roezlii, A. speariae, A. wallisii, and A. wendlandii.

10aCurmeria10aHomalomena10aITS10amatK10anew combinations10ataxonomy1 aWong, S.Y.1 aMeerow, A.W.1 aCroat, T.B. uhttps://cate-araceae.myspecies.info/node/406100399nas a2200121 4500008004100000245006300041210006300104490001000167520002000177100001500197700001600212856004900228 2005 eng d00aNew species of Araceae from Bolivia and the Tropical Andes0 aNew species of Araceae from Bolivia and the Tropical Andes0 v15(1)3 a

80-103

1 aAcebey, A.1 aCroat, T.B. uhttps://cate-araceae.myspecies.info/node/15102170nas a2200229 4500008004100000245015100041210006900192520141100261653001401672653001301686653002101699653001701720653001701737653002001754100002001774700001901794700002001813700001601833700001701849700002401866856005001890 2018 eng d00aNew insights on the phylogenetic relationships among the traditional Philodendron subgenera and the other groups of the Homalomena clade (Araceae)0 aNew insights on the phylogenetic relationships among the traditi3 a

Philodendron (Araceae) is one of the largest Neotropical plant genera, with approximately 500 species and at least 1000 species predicted. There is a considerable ecological diversity in the group, although most species occur in the humid forests of tropical America. Despite being relatively well-studied in taxonomic analyses, the relationships among the traditional morphological groups of the genus are not well-established, mainly regarding the three traditional subgenera, referred here as Philodendron sensu lato (s.l.), P. subg. Pteromischum, P. subg. Philodendron and P. subg. Meconostigma, which was recently recognized as a separate genus, Thaumatophyllum. Therefore, the present work evaluates the phylogenetic position and the monophyly of Philodendron s.l. and its three main subdivisions, and the sister groups within the Homalomena clade, which also includes the Neotropical genus Adelonema, the two Asian genera Homalomena and Furtadoa, and the two African genera Cercestis and Culcasia, by means of molecular phylogenetic approaches including chloroplast DNA (atpFatpH, rpl32-trnL, trnQ-5′-rps16 and trnV-ndhC) and nuclear (ITS2) markers. The monophyly of Philodendron s.l. and its three lineages is confirmed and our analyses corroborate previous morphologic data indicating Thaumatophyllum as sister to the clade formed by P. subg. Pteromischum and P. subg. Philodendron.

10aAdelonema10aAroideae10aHomalomena clade10aMeconostigma10aPteromischum10aThaumatophyllum1 aVasconcelos, S.1 aSoares, M.L.C.1 aSakuragui, C.M.1 aCroat, T.B.1 aOliveira, G.1 aBenko-Iseppon, A.M. uhttps://cate-araceae.myspecies.info/node/406002752nas a2200229 4500008004100000245015700041210006900198520197500267653001202242653003002254653003202284653002902316653001502345653001702360100001402377700001602391700001602407700001802423700001602441700001502457856005002472 2018 eng d00aPhylogeny and diversification history of the large Neotropical genus Philodendron (Araceae): Accelerated speciation in a lineage dominated by epiphytes 0 aPhylogeny and diversification history of the large Neotropical g3 a

PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Philodendron is a large genus of ~560 species and among the most conspicuous epiphytic components of Neotropical forests, yet its phylogenetic relationships, timing of divergence, and diversification history have remained unclear. We present a comprehensive phylogenetic study for Philodendron and investigate its diversification, including divergence-time estimates and diversification rate shift analyses.
METHODS: We performed the largest phylogenetic reconstruction for Philodendron to date, including 125 taxa with a combined dataset of three plastid regions (petD, rpl16, and trnK/ matK). We estimated divergence times using Bayesian evolutionary analysis sampling trees and inferred shifts in diversification rates using Bayesian analysis of macroevolutionary mixtures.
KEY RESULTS: We found that Philodendron, its three subgenera, and the closely related genus Adelonema are monophyletic. Within Philodendron subgenus Philodendron, 12 statistically well-supported clades are recognized. The genus Philodendron originated ~25 mya and a diversification rate upshift was detected at the origin of subgenus Philodendron ~12 mya.
CONCLUSIONS: Philodendron is a species-rich Neotropical lineage that diverged from Adelonema during the late Oligocene. Within Philodendron, the three subgenera currently accepted are recovered in two lineages: one contains the subgenera Meconostigma and Pteromischum and the other contains subgenus Philodendron. The lineage containing subgenera Meconostigma and Pteromischum underwent a consistent diversification rate. By contrast, a diversification rate upshift occurred within subgenus Philodendron ~12 mya. This diversification rate upshift is associated with the species radiation of the most speciose subgenus within Philodendron. The sections accepted within subgenus Philodendron are not congruent with the clades recovered. Instead, the clades are geographically defined.

10aAraceae10adivergence-time estimates10adiversification rate shifts10amuseum and cradle models10aNeotropics10aPhilodendron1 aCanal, D.1 aKöster, N.1 aJones, K.E.1 aKorotkova, N.1 aCroat, T.B.1 aBorsch, T. uhttps://cate-araceae.myspecies.info/node/405001054nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245011000055210006900165300000800234490000700242520051000249653003800759653001200797100001700809700001600826856004200842 2014 eng d a1868-639700aAnthurium jaimeanum and A. pahumense (Araceae): two new species from the W slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes0 aAnthurium jaimeanum and A pahumense Araceae two new species from a2070 v413 a

illustrated. The two species are members of A. sect. Porphyrochitonium Schott from the W slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes in Pichincha Province. Anthurium jaimeanum occurs at 1800 m in a premontane rain forest life zone, whereas A. pahumense is found at 1800 – 2200 m in a lower montane wet forest life zone. The new species are unusual in A. sect. Porphyrochitonium, a group characterized by having short internodes and glandular punctate blades, in that they have unusually long internodes.

10aAnthurium sect. Porphyrochitonium10aEcuador1 aCerón, C.E.1 aCroat, T.B. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3372/wi.44.44202