@article {4067, title = {From open areas to forests? The evolutionary history of Philodendron subgenus Meconostigma (Araceae) using morphological data}, year = {2014}, abstract = {

Due to its wide distribution covering three of the largest Neotropical biomes, Philodendron subgenus Meconostigma is an interesting model to discuss the diversification of Neotropical plants. The aim of this study was to test a previous hypothesis that the Eastern and Southern species of P. subg. Meconostigma have plesiomorphic gynoecial structure while in Amazonian species they are apomorphic. To this end, we conducted an analysis of maximum parsimony with generalized frequency coding method using a matrix with 59 morphological characters and 90\% of the species of P. subg. Meconostigma. The phylogenetic reconstruction suggests that the subgenus is monophyletic and originates from open areas of Cerrado. Four morphological synapomorphies support the monophyly of the subgenus and seven synapomorphies support four minor clades within it. Our results also include characterization of three new gynoecial subtypes (A1, A2 and A3) within the subgenus. Subtype A2 (undeveloped stylar body with long stylar canals, absent central stylar dome, shallow compitum) is basal and represents the ancestral gynoecium in the group. These findings suggest that the balance between pollen uptake and accessibility of the locules were decisive to drive gynoecium evolution in the subgenus Meconostigma.

}, keywords = {Character analysis, Floral evolution, Gynoecium, Neotropics, phylogeny}, author = {Calazans, L.S.B. and Sakuragui, C.M. and Mayo, S.J.} } @article {4060, title = {New insights on the phylogenetic relationships among the traditional Philodendron subgenera and the other groups of the Homalomena clade (Araceae)}, year = {2018}, abstract = {

Philodendron (Araceae) is one of the largest Neotropical plant genera, with approximately 500 species and at least 1000 species predicted. There is a considerable ecological diversity in the group, although most species occur in the humid forests of tropical America. Despite being relatively well-studied in taxonomic analyses, the relationships among the traditional morphological groups of the genus are not well-established, mainly regarding the three traditional subgenera, referred here as Philodendron sensu lato (s.l.), P. subg. Pteromischum, P. subg. Philodendron and P. subg. Meconostigma, which was recently recognized as a separate genus, Thaumatophyllum. Therefore, the present work evaluates the phylogenetic position and the monophyly of Philodendron s.l. and its three main subdivisions, and the sister groups within the Homalomena clade, which also includes the Neotropical genus Adelonema, the two Asian genera Homalomena and Furtadoa, and the two African genera Cercestis and Culcasia, by means of molecular phylogenetic approaches including chloroplast DNA (atpFatpH, rpl32-trnL, trnQ-5\′-rps16 and trnV-ndhC) and nuclear (ITS2) markers. The monophyly of Philodendron s.l. and its three lineages is confirmed and our analyses corroborate previous morphologic data indicating Thaumatophyllum as sister to the clade formed by P. subg. Pteromischum and P. subg. Philodendron.

}, keywords = {Adelonema, Aroideae, Homalomena clade, Meconostigma, Pteromischum, Thaumatophyllum}, doi = {doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.05.017}, author = {Vasconcelos, S. and Soares, M.L.C. and Sakuragui, C.M. and Croat, T.B. and Oliveira, G. and Benko-Iseppon, A.M.} } @article {4059, title = {Recognition of the genus Thaumatophyllum Schott - formerly Philodendron subg. Meconostigma (Araceae) - based on molecular and morphological evidence}, year = {2018}, abstract = {

Philodendron subgenus Meconostigma has been a well-circumscribed group since 1829. Members of this group are easily distinguished by diagnostic morphological characters as well as by a distinct ecology and geographical distribution. Based on molecular, morphological and cytological evidence, we propose the recognition of P. subg. Meconostigma as a distinct genus, Thaumatophyllum Schott. We also present the necessary new combinations, an emended key and some nomenclatural and taxonomic corrections regarding 21 names of Thaumatophyllum.

}, keywords = {chromosomes, molecular phylogeny, morphology, nomenclature, Philodendron, Thaumatophyllum}, doi = {doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.98.25044 }, author = {Sakuragui, C.M. and Calazans, L.S.B. and Loss-Oliveira, L. and Morais, E.B. and Benko-Iseppon, A.M. and Vasconcelos, S. and Schrago, C.G. and Mayo, S.J.} } @article {4058, title = {Evolution of Philodendron (Araceae) species in Neotropical biomes}, year = {2016}, abstract = {

Philodendron is the second most diverse genus of the Araceae, a tropical monocot family with significant morphological diversity along its wide geographic distribution in the Neotropics. Although evolutionary studies of Philodendron were conducted in recent years, the phylogenetic relationship among its species remains unclear. Additionally, analyses conducted to date suggested the inclusion of all American representatives of a closely-related genus, Homalomena, within the Philodendron clade. A thorough evaluation of the phylogeny and timescale of these lineages is thus necessary to elucidate the tempo and mode of evolution of this large Neotropical genus and to unveil the biogeographic history of Philodendron evolution along the Amazonian and Atlantic rainforests as well as open dry forests of South America. To this end, we have estimated the molecular phylogeny for 68 Philodendron species, which consists of the largest sampling assembled to date aiming the study of the evolutionary affinities. We have also performed ancestral reconstruction of species distribution along biomes. Finally, we contrasted these results with the inferred timescale of Philodendron and Homalomena lineage diversification. Our estimates indicate that American Homalomena is the sister clade to Philodendron. The early diversification of Philodendron took place in the Amazon forest from Early to Middle Miocene, followed by colonization of the Atlantic forest and the savanna-like landscapes, respectively .Based on the age of the last common ancestor of Philodendron, the species of this genus diversified by rapid radiations, leading to its wide extant distribution in the Neotropical region.

}, keywords = {Amazon, Andes, Biogeography, Dispersal, South America, Supertree}, doi = {DOI 10.7717/peerj.1744}, author = {Loss-Oliveira, L. and Sakuragui, C.M. and Soares, M.L.C. and Schrago, C.G.} } @article {4057, title = {Floral Evolution of Philodendron Subgenus Meconostigma (Araceae)}, year = {2014}, abstract = {

Abstract
Elucidating the evolutionary patterns of flower and inflorescence structure is pivotal to understanding the phylogenetic relationships of Angiosperms as a whole. The inflorescence morphology and anatomy of Philodendron subgenus Meconostigma, belonging to the monocot family Araceae, has been widely studied but the evolutionary relationships of subgenus Meconostigma and the evolution of its flower characters have hitherto remained unclear. This study examines gynoecium evolution in subgenus Meconostigma in the context of an estimated molecular phylogeny for all extant species of subgenus Meconostigma and analysis of ancestral character reconstructions of some gynoecial structures. The phylogenetic reconstructions of all extant Meconostigma species were conducted under a maximum likelihood approach based on the sequences of two chloroplast (trnk and matK) and two nuclear (ETS and 18S) markers. This topology was used to reconstruct the ancestral states of seven floral characters and to elucidate their evolutionary pattern in the Meconostigma lineage. Our phylogeny shows that Meconostigma is composed of two major clades, one comprising two Amazonian species and the other all the species from the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes with one Amazonian species. The common ancestor of the species of subgenus Meconostigma probably possessed short stylar lobes, long stylar canals, a stylar body, a vascular plexus in the gynoecium and druses in the stylar parenchyma but it is uncertain whether raphide inclusions were present in the parenchyma. The ancestral lineage also probably possessed up to 10 ovary locules. The evolution of these characters seems to have occurred independently in some lineages. We propose that the morphological and anatomical diversity observed in the gynoecial structures of subgenus Meconostigma is the result of an ongoing process of fusion of floral structures leading to a reduction of energy wastage and increase in stigmatic surface.

}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0089701}, author = {Loss-Oliveira, L. and Calazans, L.S.B. and Morais, E.B. and Mayo, S.J. and Schrago, C.G. and Sakuragui, C.M.} } @article {4049, title = {Anatomy of the adventitious roots of Philodendron (Araceae) and its importance for the systematics of the genus}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

Abstract. The genus Philodendron Schott comprises the following three currently accepted subgenenera: P. subg. Philodendron, P. subg. Pteromischum and P. subg. Meconostigma; however, these lack a well-defined classification. In the present study, we examined anatomically samples of adventitious roots in species of the group, so as to establish aspects relevant for taxonomic purposes. The anatomical analyses emphasised the characteristics of the steles in cross-sections of the root samples from regions near the apex to the most mature zones. A species of a closely related genus Adelonema, namely A. crinipes, was included in the study to clarify the results. Our results indicated notable differences in the species of the subgenus Meconostigma, mainly in terms of the presence (and variations) of a lobed stele, whereas the cylindrical stele stood out among the common characteristics in P. subg. Philodendron, P. subg. Pteromischum and the related species A. crinipes. Moreover, the characteristics shared by P. subg. Philodendron and P. subg. Pteromischum corroborated the phylogenetic hypothesis that these two taxa were more closely related to one another than to P. subg. Meconostigma.

}, keywords = {lobed stele, Meconostigma, root anatomy, taxonomy}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1071/SB18038}, author = {Ferreira, R.O. and Borges, A.C.C. and Campos, J.A.R. and Medeiros, A.M.L. and Sakuragui, C.M. and Vieira, R.C. and Tenorio, V.} } @article {106, title = {A revision of Alloschemone Schott (Araceae: Monstereae). Aroideana}, volume = {24}, year = {2001}, abstract = {

80-93

}, author = {Bogner, J. and Boyce, P.C. and Sakuragui, C.M.} } @article {247, title = {A new species of Anthurium (Araceae) from south-eastern Brazil. Feddes Repertorium}, volume = {110(7-8)}, year = {1999}, abstract = {

535-539

}, author = {Sakuragui, C.M. and Mayo, S.J.} } @article {4044, title = {A new species of Anthurium Schott (Araceae) in a seasonal semideciduous forest in Esp{\'\i}rito Santo State, Brazil }, year = {2015}, abstract = {

Abstract The state of Esp\írito Santo is located in Southeastern Brazil and occupies 45,597 km\² within the Atlantic Forest domain. The flora of the state is still in progress, and families such as the Araceae represent groups that have not yet been representatively sampled. Sampling efforts in the Southern areas of the state revealed the existence of a new species of Anthurium, related to A. cleistanthum, A. truncatum and A. molle. Here, we describe and illustrate this species and present a comparative analysis with the most similar species. To date, the species is known only from the type locality, occurring in forests that cover limestone outcrops.

}, keywords = {Atlantic Rain Forest, conservation, flora, fragmentation}, doi = {DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.7}, url = {https://www.biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/issue/view/phytotaxa.217.1}, author = {Valadares, R.T. and Sakuragui, C.M.} } @article {4041, title = {Anthurium viridivinosum sp. nov. (Araceae; A. sect. Urospadix subsect. Flavescentiviridia ) from a sedimentary coastal plain in southeastern Brazil}, journal = {Nordic Journal of Botany}, volume = {33}, year = {2015}, month = {April 2015}, pages = {170-174}, type = {Research article}, chapter = {170}, abstract = {

During a floristic survey of the family Araceae in a sedimentary coastal plain in the state of Esp\írito Santo, southeastern Brazil, we found an unknown species with an intriguing combination of characteristics intermediate among Anthurium harrisii , A. intermedium , A. jilekii, A. riodocense and A. zeneidae . Herein, we describe and illustrate this novelty as Anthurium viridivinosum with a comparative analysis of characters that distinguishes it from similar species, and comments about its ecology, distribution and conservation.

}, doi = {doi: 10.1111/njb.00565}, author = {Valadares, R.T. and Sakuragui, C.M.} } @article {4036, title = {Anthurium sagrilloanum: A New Species of Anthurium (Araceae) from Southeastern Brazil}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

During a floristic survey of Araceae in the Atlantic Forest of Esp\írito Santo State, southeastern Brazil, we found an intriguing, unknown species of Anthurium Schott with cordate leaves. Here, we describe and illustrate the new species, A. sagrilloanum The\ófilo \& T. F. Sagrillo, and also provide comments on its ecology and distribution.

}, author = {Valadares, R.T. and Sagrillo, T.F. and Sakuragui, C.M.} } @article {4031, title = {A New Species of Anthurium (Araceae) with Cordate Leaves from Southeastern Brazil}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

During a floristic survey of Araceae species in the Atlantic Forest, Esp\írito Santo State, southeastern Brazil, we found an unknown species of Anthurium Schott with cordate leaf bases. Here, we describe and illustrate this new species, A. marcusianum The\ófilo, L. Kollmann \& Sakur., and also provide comments on its ecology, distribution, and conservation status.

}, author = {Valadares, R.T. and Kollmann, L.J.C. and Sakuragui, C.M.} } @article {3969, title = {A New Species of Anthurium (Araceae) sect. Urospadix subsect. Obscureviridia from Esp{\'\i}rito Santo, Eastern Brazil}, journal = {Systematic Botany; Quarterly Journal of the American Society of Plant Taxonomists}, volume = {39}, year = {2014}, month = {05/2014}, pages = {35}, chapter = {31}, abstract = {

Anthurium angustifolium The\ófilo \& Sakur., a new species of Anthurium (Araceae) sect. Urospadix subsect. Obscureviridia from Esp\írito Santo (Eastern Brazil) is described and illustrated. Anthurium angustifolium is closely related to A. viridispathum and A. gladiifolium. It differs from A. viridispathum by its deflexed leaves, purplish peduncle and spadix, and reddish berries, and from A. gladiifolium by its narrowly elliptic blades, with obscure secondary veins, and by a smaller number of flowers on the principal and alternate spirals. A key for Eastern Brazilian species of subsect. Obscureviridia is given and a comparison of the characters that separate A. angustifolium from related taxa is provided.

}, keywords = {Atlantic Forest, epiphytes}, doi = {10.1600/036364414X678161}, url = {http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1600/036364414X678161}, author = {Valadares, R.T. and Sakuragui, C.M.} } @booklet {126, title = {Taxonomic revision of Brazilian species of Philodendron section Macrobelium Kew Bull.}, volume = {60}, year = {2005}, abstract = {

465-513

}, author = {Sakuragui, C.M. and Simon Joseph Mayo and Zappi, D.C.} }