@article {4061, title = {Resurrection and New Species of the Neotropical Genus Adelonema (Araceae: Philodendron Clade)}, year = {2016}, abstract = {

Abstract\—Previous studies have shown Homalomena as traditionally defined to be polyphyletic, with Neotropical species phylogenetically distinct from Asian species. This study of 29 accessions of 10 Neotropical taxa, and a total of 135 accessions representing 92 taxa of Homalomena, Furtadoa, and Philodendron for nuclear ITS and plastid matK regions, supports resurrection of the genus Adelonema for Neotropical species currently assigned to Homalomena. Adelonema is here delimited as a Neotropical genus of 16 species divided into two new sections: sect. Adelonema and sect. Curmeria, based on morphologically supported molecular results. The genus Adelonema is distinguished by a hypogeal rhizome, crushed vegetative tissues smelling of anise, an extensively sheathing, sometimes prickly petiole, chartaceous often variegated leaf blades, a spadix either obliquely inserted on the spathe/peduncle (sect. Adelonema), or stipitate (sect. Curmeria), ovaries with 2\–4-pluriovulate locules, and anatropous ovules on an axile placenta. Four new species are described: Adelonema orientalis, A. palidinervia, A. panamensis, and A. yanamonoensis. Eleven new combinations are made: Adelonema allenii, A. crinipes, A. hammelii, A. kvistii, A. moffleriana, A. peltata, A. picturata, A. roezlii, A. speariae, A. wallisii, and A. wendlandii.

}, keywords = {Curmeria, Homalomena, ITS, matK, new combinations, taxonomy}, doi = {DOI 10.1600/036364416X690732}, author = {Wong, S.Y. and Meerow, A.W. and Croat, T.B.} } @article {151, title = {New species of Araceae from Bolivia and the Tropical Andes}, volume = {15(1)}, year = {2005}, abstract = {

80-103

}, author = {Acebey, A. and Croat, T.B.} } @article {4060, title = {New insights on the phylogenetic relationships among the traditional Philodendron subgenera and the other groups of the Homalomena clade (Araceae)}, year = {2018}, abstract = {

Philodendron (Araceae) is one of the largest Neotropical plant genera, with approximately 500 species and at least 1000 species predicted. There is a considerable ecological diversity in the group, although most species occur in the humid forests of tropical America. Despite being relatively well-studied in taxonomic analyses, the relationships among the traditional morphological groups of the genus are not well-established, mainly regarding the three traditional subgenera, referred here as Philodendron sensu lato (s.l.), P. subg. Pteromischum, P. subg. Philodendron and P. subg. Meconostigma, which was recently recognized as a separate genus, Thaumatophyllum. Therefore, the present work evaluates the phylogenetic position and the monophyly of Philodendron s.l. and its three main subdivisions, and the sister groups within the Homalomena clade, which also includes the Neotropical genus Adelonema, the two Asian genera Homalomena and Furtadoa, and the two African genera Cercestis and Culcasia, by means of molecular phylogenetic approaches including chloroplast DNA (atpFatpH, rpl32-trnL, trnQ-5\′-rps16 and trnV-ndhC) and nuclear (ITS2) markers. The monophyly of Philodendron s.l. and its three lineages is confirmed and our analyses corroborate previous morphologic data indicating Thaumatophyllum as sister to the clade formed by P. subg. Pteromischum and P. subg. Philodendron.

}, keywords = {Adelonema, Aroideae, Homalomena clade, Meconostigma, Pteromischum, Thaumatophyllum}, doi = {doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.05.017}, author = {Vasconcelos, S. and Soares, M.L.C. and Sakuragui, C.M. and Croat, T.B. and Oliveira, G. and Benko-Iseppon, A.M.} } @article {4050, title = {Phylogeny and diversification history of the large Neotropical genus Philodendron (Araceae): Accelerated speciation in a lineage dominated by epiphytes }, year = {2018}, abstract = {

PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Philodendron is a large genus of ~560 species and among the most conspicuous epiphytic components of Neotropical forests, yet its phylogenetic relationships, timing of divergence, and diversification history have remained unclear. We present a comprehensive phylogenetic study for Philodendron and investigate its diversification, including divergence-time estimates and diversification rate shift analyses.
METHODS: We performed the largest phylogenetic reconstruction for Philodendron to date, including 125 taxa with a combined dataset of three plastid regions (petD, rpl16, and trnK/ matK). We estimated divergence times using Bayesian evolutionary analysis sampling trees and inferred shifts in diversification rates using Bayesian analysis of macroevolutionary mixtures.
KEY RESULTS: We found that Philodendron, its three subgenera, and the closely related genus Adelonema are monophyletic. Within Philodendron subgenus Philodendron, 12 statistically well-supported clades are recognized. The genus Philodendron originated ~25 mya and a diversification rate upshift was detected at the origin of subgenus Philodendron ~12 mya.
CONCLUSIONS: Philodendron is a species-rich Neotropical lineage that diverged from Adelonema during the late Oligocene. Within Philodendron, the three subgenera currently accepted are recovered in two lineages: one contains the subgenera Meconostigma and Pteromischum and the other contains subgenus Philodendron. The lineage containing subgenera Meconostigma and Pteromischum underwent a consistent diversification rate. By contrast, a diversification rate upshift occurred within subgenus Philodendron ~12 mya. This diversification rate upshift is associated with the species radiation of the most speciose subgenus within Philodendron. The sections accepted within subgenus Philodendron are not congruent with the clades recovered. Instead, the clades are geographically defined.

}, keywords = {Araceae, divergence-time estimates, diversification rate shifts, museum and cradle models, Neotropics, Philodendron}, doi = {doi:10.1002/ajb2.1111}, author = {Canal, D. and K{\"o}ster, N. and Jones, K.E. and Korotkova, N. and Croat, T.B. and Borsch, T.} } @article {3956, title = {Anthurium jaimeanum and A. pahumense (Araceae): two new species from the W slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes}, journal = {Willdenowia. Mitteilungen aus dem Botanischen Garten und Museum Berlin-Dahlem. Berlin-Dahlem}, volume = {41}, year = {2014}, pages = {207}, chapter = {201}, abstract = {

illustrated. The two species are members of A. sect. Porphyrochitonium Schott from the W slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes in Pichincha Province. Anthurium jaimeanum occurs at 1800 m in a premontane rain forest life zone, whereas A. pahumense is found at 1800 \– 2200 m in a lower montane wet forest life zone. The new species are unusual in A. sect. Porphyrochitonium, a group characterized by having short internodes and glandular punctate blades, in that they have unusually long internodes.

}, keywords = {Anthurium sect. Porphyrochitonium, Ecuador}, issn = {1868-6397}, doi = {10.3372/wi.44.44202}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3372/wi.44.44202}, author = {Cer{\'o}n, C.E. and Croat, T.B.} }