01938nas a2200181 4500008004100000245013000041210006900171520132300240653002301563653002101586653001401607653001501621653001401636100002101650700002001671700001501691856005001706 2014 eng d00aFrom open areas to forests? The evolutionary history of Philodendron subgenus Meconostigma (Araceae) using morphological data0 aFrom open areas to forests The evolutionary history of Philodend3 a

Due to its wide distribution covering three of the largest Neotropical biomes, Philodendron subgenus Meconostigma is an interesting model to discuss the diversification of Neotropical plants. The aim of this study was to test a previous hypothesis that the Eastern and Southern species of P. subg. Meconostigma have plesiomorphic gynoecial structure while in Amazonian species they are apomorphic. To this end, we conducted an analysis of maximum parsimony with generalized frequency coding method using a matrix with 59 morphological characters and 90% of the species of P. subg. Meconostigma. The phylogenetic reconstruction suggests that the subgenus is monophyletic and originates from open areas of Cerrado. Four morphological synapomorphies support the monophyly of the subgenus and seven synapomorphies support four minor clades within it. Our results also include characterization of three new gynoecial subtypes (A1, A2 and A3) within the subgenus. Subtype A2 (undeveloped stylar body with long stylar canals, absent central stylar dome, shallow compitum) is basal and represents the ancestral gynoecium in the group. These findings suggest that the balance between pollen uptake and accessibility of the locules were decisive to drive gynoecium evolution in the subgenus Meconostigma.
 

10aCharacter analysis10aFloral evolution10aGynoecium10aNeotropics10aphylogeny1 aCalazans, L.S.B.1 aSakuragui, C.M.1 aMayo, S.J. uhttps://cate-araceae.myspecies.info/node/406702170nas a2200229 4500008004100000245015100041210006900192520141100261653001401672653001301686653002101699653001701720653001701737653002001754100002001774700001901794700002001813700001601833700001701849700002401866856005001890 2018 eng d00aNew insights on the phylogenetic relationships among the traditional Philodendron subgenera and the other groups of the Homalomena clade (Araceae)0 aNew insights on the phylogenetic relationships among the traditi3 a

Philodendron (Araceae) is one of the largest Neotropical plant genera, with approximately 500 species and at least 1000 species predicted. There is a considerable ecological diversity in the group, although most species occur in the humid forests of tropical America. Despite being relatively well-studied in taxonomic analyses, the relationships among the traditional morphological groups of the genus are not well-established, mainly regarding the three traditional subgenera, referred here as Philodendron sensu lato (s.l.), P. subg. Pteromischum, P. subg. Philodendron and P. subg. Meconostigma, which was recently recognized as a separate genus, Thaumatophyllum. Therefore, the present work evaluates the phylogenetic position and the monophyly of Philodendron s.l. and its three main subdivisions, and the sister groups within the Homalomena clade, which also includes the Neotropical genus Adelonema, the two Asian genera Homalomena and Furtadoa, and the two African genera Cercestis and Culcasia, by means of molecular phylogenetic approaches including chloroplast DNA (atpFatpH, rpl32-trnL, trnQ-5′-rps16 and trnV-ndhC) and nuclear (ITS2) markers. The monophyly of Philodendron s.l. and its three lineages is confirmed and our analyses corroborate previous morphologic data indicating Thaumatophyllum as sister to the clade formed by P. subg. Pteromischum and P. subg. Philodendron.

10aAdelonema10aAroideae10aHomalomena clade10aMeconostigma10aPteromischum10aThaumatophyllum1 aVasconcelos, S.1 aSoares, M.L.C.1 aSakuragui, C.M.1 aCroat, T.B.1 aOliveira, G.1 aBenko-Iseppon, A.M. uhttps://cate-araceae.myspecies.info/node/406001393nas a2200253 4500008004100000245015700041210007100198520055400269653001600823653002400839653001500863653001700878653001700895653002000912100002000932700002100952700002200973700001700995700002401012700002001036700001801056700001501074856005001089 2018 eng d00aRecognition of the genus Thaumatophyllum Schott − formerly Philodendron subg. Meconostigma (Araceae) − based on molecular and morphological evidence0 aRecognition of the genus Thaumatophyllum Schott − formerly Philo3 a

Philodendron subgenus Meconostigma has been a well-circumscribed group since 1829. Members of this group are easily distinguished by diagnostic morphological characters as well as by a distinct ecology and geographical distribution. Based on molecular, morphological and cytological evidence, we propose the recognition of P. subg. Meconostigma as a distinct genus, Thaumatophyllum Schott. We also present the necessary new combinations, an emended key and some nomenclatural and taxonomic corrections regarding 21 names of Thaumatophyllum.

10achromosomes10amolecular phylogeny10amorphology10anomenclature10aPhilodendron10aThaumatophyllum1 aSakuragui, C.M.1 aCalazans, L.S.B.1 aLoss-Oliveira, L.1 aMorais, E.B.1 aBenko-Iseppon, A.M.1 aVasconcelos, S.1 aSchrago, C.G.1 aMayo, S.J. uhttps://cate-araceae.myspecies.info/node/4059