01934nas a2200193   4500008004100000245009800041210006900139520135500208653001301563653001501576653000801591653000901599653002101608653001301629100001501642700001701657700001601674856005001690       2016                        eng d00aResurrection and New Species of the Neotropical Genus Adelonema (Araceae: Philodendron Clade)0 aResurrection and New Species of the Neotropical Genus Adelonema 3 a<p>Abstract&mdash;Previous studies have shown Homalomena as traditionally defined to be polyphyletic, with Neotropical species phylogenetically distinct from Asian species. This study of 29 accessions of 10 Neotropical taxa, and a total of 135 accessions representing 92 taxa of Homalomena, Furtadoa, and Philodendron for nuclear ITS and plastid matK regions, supports resurrection of the genus Adelonema for Neotropical species currently assigned to Homalomena. Adelonema is here delimited as a Neotropical genus of 16 species divided into two new sections: sect. Adelonema and sect. Curmeria, based on morphologically supported molecular results. The genus Adelonema is distinguished by a hypogeal rhizome, crushed vegetative tissues smelling of anise, an extensively sheathing, sometimes prickly petiole, chartaceous often variegated leaf blades, a spadix either obliquely inserted on the spathe/peduncle (sect. Adelonema), or stipitate (sect. Curmeria), ovaries with 2&ndash;4-pluriovulate locules, and anatropous ovules on an axile placenta. Four new species are described: Adelonema orientalis, A. palidinervia, A. panamensis, and A. yanamonoensis. Eleven new combinations are made: Adelonema allenii, A. crinipes, A. hammelii, A. kvistii, A. moffleriana, A. peltata, A. picturata, A. roezlii, A. speariae, A. wallisii, and A. wendlandii.</p>
10aCurmeria10aHomalomena10aITS10amatK10anew combinations10ataxonomy1 aWong, S.Y.1 aMeerow, A.W.1 aCroat, T.B.  uhttps://cate-araceae.myspecies.info/node/406102323nas a2200217   4500008004100000024001000041245007000051210006800121520170300189653001101892653001001903653001701913653001401930653001801944653001401962100002201976700002001998700001902018700001802037856005002055       2016                        eng d  ae174400aEvolution of Philodendron (Araceae) species in Neotropical biomes0 aEvolution of Philodendron Araceae species in Neotropical biomes3 a<p>Philodendron is the second most diverse genus of the Araceae, a tropical monocot family with significant morphological diversity along its wide geographic distribution in the Neotropics. Although evolutionary studies of Philodendron were conducted in recent years, the phylogenetic relationship among its species remains unclear. Additionally, analyses conducted to date suggested the inclusion of all American representatives of a closely-related genus, Homalomena, within the Philodendron clade. A thorough evaluation of the phylogeny and timescale of these lineages is thus necessary to elucidate the tempo and mode of evolution of this large Neotropical genus and to unveil the biogeographic history of Philodendron evolution along the Amazonian and Atlantic rainforests as well as open dry forests of South America. To this end, we have estimated the molecular phylogeny for 68 Philodendron species, which consists of the largest sampling assembled to date aiming the study of the evolutionary affinities. We have also performed ancestral reconstruction of species distribution along biomes. Finally, we contrasted these results with the inferred timescale of Philodendron and Homalomena lineage diversification. Our estimates indicate that American Homalomena is the sister clade to Philodendron. The early diversification of Philodendron took place in the Amazon forest from Early to Middle Miocene, followed by colonization of the Atlantic forest and the savanna-like landscapes, respectively .Based on the age of the last common ancestor of Philodendron, the species of this genus diversified by rapid radiations, leading to its wide extant distribution in the Neotropical region.</p>
10aAmazon10aAndes10aBiogeography10aDispersal10aSouth America10aSupertree1 aLoss-Oliveira, L.1 aSakuragui, C.M.1 aSoares, M.L.C.1 aSchrago, C.G.  uhttps://cate-araceae.myspecies.info/node/4058