Arisaema ghaticum
The population size is estimated to be fewer than 250 mature individuals, while the population at each location mentioned above is likely to contain fewer than 50 mature individuals. This population is currently under severe threat due to decline in quality of habitat (habitat conversion, construction of windmills on lateritic plateau, road widening, and landslides) and herbivores. If such threats continue, the population size may be reduced to less than 80% within the next 10 years. Therefore, after applying IUCN (2001) criteria, the species is categorized as Critically Endangered (CR).
The species is locally endemic in the North Western Ghats from Sinhagad to the Mahabaleshwar region.
At Sinhagad, the plants grow at altitudes of 1200–1400 m in rock crevices, near boulders, on steep grassy hillsides, and also in well-exposed soil-covered basaltic plateaus in association with Arisaema murrayi, Begonia concanensis A. DC., Curculigo orchioides Gaertner, Heracleum grande (Dalzell & A. Gibson) P. K. Mukhopadhyay, Hypoxis aurea Loureiro, Impatiens dalzellii Hooker f. & Thomson, Sonerila scapigera Dalzell, and Typhonium venosum (Dryander ex Aiton) Hetterscheid & P. C. Boyce. It has been observed in Sinhagad that an unidentified snail species forages only on reproductive parts like the spathe, spadix, and appendage, causing a natural threat to the population of A. ghaticum. At the Kas Plateau, it grows in association with A. murrayi, Ceropegia jainii Ansari & B. G. Kulkarni, Curculigo orchioides, Curcuma neilgherrensis Wight, Hypoxis aurea, Iphigenia stellata Blatter, Ledebouria revoluta (L. f.) Jessop, and Peristylus densus (Lindley) Santapau & Kapadia. The population at Mahabaleshwar grows at an altitude of 1100–1200 m in shady roadside trenches on the outskirts of semi-evergreen forests dominated by Catunaregam spinosa (Thunberg) Tirvengadum, Memecylon umbellatum Burman f., and Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels.